In the realm of solar energy, ensuring the durability and reliability of solar PV modules is of utmost importance. One of the key tests con...
In the realm of solar energy, ensuring the durability and reliability of solar PV modules is of utmost importance. One of the key tests conducted to evaluate the strength and robustness of these modules is the Mechanical Load Test (MLT). This test simulates various external factors that can put strain on the modules, helping to determine their ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions over time. According to IEC61215 requirements, photovoltaic modules need to undergo mechanical load testing, the purpose of which is to test the module's ability to withstand wind, snow, static pressure, and ice loads.
What is the Mechanical Load Test (MLT)?
The Mechanical Load Test, as the name suggests, involves subjecting solar PV modules to a series of mechanical stress tests. These tests assess the module's resistance to wind, snow, and hail. By applying controlled loads to the modules, manufacturers can evaluate their structural integrity and performance under adverse conditions.
How Does The Mechanical Load Test Perform?
Mechanical load tests include Static Mechanical Load Tests (SMLT) and Dynamic Mechanical Load Tests (DMLT).
Static Mechanical Load Test (SMLT) :
When the modules are subjected to wind, snow, or ice, it is necessary to verify the load conditions that the photovoltaic modules can withstand. This is the description of the purpose of the photovoltaic module load test in the IEC 61215 standard. The load test in the IEC 61215 standard is mainly to verify the bearing capacity of the module after it is covered with a large amount of snow or ice, and to assess whether the module is reliable under static pressure.
The test method can be sand pressure, air pressure, or water pressure, and the pressure applied to the module during the entire test process needs to be uniform and lasting (each test surface needs to be tested for 1 hour, and the positive and negative tests are repeated for 3 cycles). Static mechanical load is usually to apply 2400Pa pressure on the front of the component for one hour, then turn the component over and apply 2400Pa pressure for another hour, and repeat this three times. In the last cycle, the pressure on the front of the component is increased to 5400Pa. After the test, the appearance, IV, and wet leakage performance of the component are tested to confirm the before and after power degradation is within the IEC standard of 5%.
Dynamic Mechanical Load Test (DMLT) :
When the photovoltaic modules are subjected to alternating pressure in the positive and negative directions and the front and rear surfaces oscillate and shake under the action of strong winds, Dynamic mechanical loading is usually performed by applying a positive and negative pressure cycle of 1000Pa on the front side of the component, 3 cycles per minute, for a total of 1000 time. After the test, the appearance, IV, and wet leakage performance of the component are tested
Why Mechanical Load Test Performed on Solar PV Module?
The Mechanical Load Test is crucial for ensuring the long-term reliability of solar PV modules. By identifying any weaknesses in the module's design or construction, manufacturers can make improvements to enhance their performance and prolong their lifespan. Additionally, by meeting the requirements of the Mechanical Load Test, manufacturers can demonstrate the quality and durability of their products to customers and regulatory bodies.
Benefits of Mechanical Load Testing:
✔️Identifies structural weaknesses in solar modules.
✔️Ensures compliance with industry standards and regulations.
✔️Enhances the durability and reliability of solar energy systems.
✔️Improves the overall performance and efficiency of solar modules.
✔️Helps manufacturers develop high-quality and long-lasting products.
IEC 61215: Mechanical Load Test
The Mechanical Load Test is governed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61215. This standard specifies the test procedures and criteria for evaluating the mechanical robustness of crystalline silicon solar PV modules. By following the guidelines outlined in IEC 61215, manufacturers can ensure that their products meet the necessary industry standards for reliability and durability. When the photovoltaic modules are subjected to alternating pressure in the positive and negative directions and the front and rear surfaces oscillate and shake under the action of strong winds, the load test method described in the IEC 61215 standard cannot accurately evaluate the reliability of photovoltaic modules. The birth of the IEC 62782 standard fills this defect, making the testing of photovoltaic modules in the laboratory closer to actual applications and able to more objectively and comprehensively reflect the mechanical properties of the modules in the above environment.
In conclusion, the Mechanical Load Test is a critical evaluation tool for assessing the strength and durability of solar PV modules. By subjecting these modules to various mechanical stress tests, manufacturers can identify potential weaknesses and make improvements to enhance their performance and reliability. Adhering to standards such as IEC 61215 and IEC 62782 ensures that solar PV modules meet the necessary criteria for withstanding harsh environmental conditions, ultimately providing consumers with peace of mind regarding the longevity of their solar energy systems.
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